A Fire Alarm and Protection/Suppression System (FAPS) is a critical safety system installed in vehicles to detect, alert, and suppress fire incidents automatically or manually. It is mandated for certain categories of vehicles (like buses) under AIS 135 (MoRTH, India) and similar global standards to safeguard passengers, drivers, and assets.
Major Components
Fire Detection System (FDAS)
Linear Heat Sensing (LHS) cable sensors or point-type detectors – (heat/smoke).
Installed in high-risk zones such as engine compartment, and passenger area.
Connected to Control Panel / ECU – for real-time monitoring.
Fire Alarm System
Hooters, buzzers, and visual alarms inside the driver cabin and passenger area.
Provides early warning to evacuate occupants.
Fire Suppression System (FDSS)
Cylinders filled with extinguishing agent (AFFF for Engine Compartment and Water for Passenger/Occupant Area).
Nozzle network for uniform discharge in engine bay and passenger area.
Activation methods:
Automatic (sensor-based through control unit)
Manual (emergency push button).
Working Principle
Detection - Fire or abnormal rise in temperature is detected by LHS cable or detectors.
Alarm – Signal is sent to control panel → activates hooter/buzzer + indicator.
Suppression – Control panel triggers the cylinder → extinguishing agent is released to suppress the fire.
Evacuation – Driver and passengers are alerted for safe exit.
Compliance & Standards
AIS 135 (India, MoRTH): Mandatory for buses (category M3).
ECE R107 (Europe): Fire safety for buses and coaches.
NFPA 17/17A: Dry chemical and wet chemical suppression systems.
Benefits
Saves lives by early detection & quick suppression.
Prevents vehicle damage and costly downtime.
Ensures compliance with regulatory standards.
Boosts passenger confidence & safety rating of vehicles.